CHAPTER 3 • HISTORY

British History

One memory chain: Stone Age → Romans → Anglo-Saxons/Vikings → Normans → Tudors → Empire → World Wars → modern Britain.

Stone Age1066Magna CartaTudorsEmpire20th century
🏰
🧠 QUICK MEMORY
STONE → ROME → SAXONS/VIKINGS → NORMANS → TUDORS → UNION/EMPIRE → WARS → MODERN UK
Stonehenge, a Neolithic stone monument in Wiltshire
Stonehenge, Wiltshire — built in stages roughly 3000–2000 BC, probably for seasonal ceremonies.

🕰️ High-yield history spine

43 ADRoman conquest begins
410Romans leave Britain
1066Battle of Hastings — William the Conqueror
1215Magna Carta — king subject to law
1348Black Death arrives
1455–1485Wars of the Roses
1485Henry VII — Tudor dynasty begins
1588Spanish Armada defeated
1605Gunpowder Plot
1642–1651English Civil War
1688Glorious Revolution
1707Great Britain formed
1801United Kingdom formed
1914–1918First World War
1939–1945Second World War
1948NHS founded; Empire Windrush arrives
1998 / 1999Good Friday Agreement / Devolution
2016 / 2020Brexit referendum / UK leaves EU
2022Elizabeth II dies; Charles III accedes
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